Effective Communication And Customer Service - 1047 Words

Communication plays a big role in our everyday life. Without communication we would not succeed in everyday life. Communication is everywhere regardless if it is talking or body jesters. We are going to learn the main factors for good communication whether that be face-to-face or over the phone. I will talk about Effective communication in customer service, Customer service skills that every employee needs, and 10 ways to communicate effectively. Did you know that there is an effective way to communicate in any business? There are several ways to communicate with others. Mainly we speak to them face-to-face or over the phone either way you need to know the proper way to do so. You have customer service workers who are trained to be effective to customers if the service issues arise. â€Å"In dealing with customers, communication is essential, whether it is face-to-face, over the phone, via email or, increasingly, through online channels.† (Effective comm) As a customer servi ce employee you must have these understandings to make it professional; strong communication and problem solving skills. Those my friend are the key factor to be successful. Situations involve so many different challenges in very job. Just be ready to hit them head on and focus on the facts. When you answer the phone be professional about it don’t wreck the call with the wrong impressions. For example: â€Å"They are still at lunch, They are not in yet, He’s popped out†, (guide) those are some ways not toShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication Skills for Good Customer Service2128 Words   |  9 Pages EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE PRESENTED BY OLUWASEGUN JAMES TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Page Title Page 1 Table of Content Read MoreCustomer Experience Management At The Food And Beverage Staff1691 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences of service recovery. Service recovery is important in managing negative moments of truth to achieve high service standards. However, to achieve high service standards, effective communication and teamwork are competencies that all Food and Beverage attendants should possess. In addition, staff training programs can assist in ensuring that all staff members have these attributes to achieve high service standards. Lastly, contributing to achieving high service standards is the effective use ofRead MoreEssay on Cipd Developing Yourself as an Effective Hr Practitioner612 Words   |  3 PagesUnderstanding customer needs As an HR practitioner it is important to indentify the needs of customers and prioritise the needs of each. Three examples of different customer and a need for each: 1. An employee enquiring about their holiday entitlement for the next holiday year 2. Payroll department require new employee details the day before the cut off period 3. Manager who requires the sickness absence report for an employee who has triggered a disciplinary hearing scheduled forRead MoreCustomer Service1186 Words   |  5 Pagessome companies aim to look after their customers well, ensuring that the customer is at the heart of their business and everything they do. In marketing terms this is called being customer focused. It is important to realise that customers can take their business anywhere they want to and if they are not satisfied they will take their business elsewhere. Therefore, it is very important to understand who our customers are, their expectations of the service they experience and how that effects futureRead MoreDeveloping Yourself as an Effective Human Resources Practitioner1698 Words   |  7 PagesYourself as an Effective Human Resources Practitioner Contents Page Introduction The purpose of this report is to identify the knowledge, skills and behaviour that is required to be an effective HR practitioner. Looking at different areas, such as insight, strategy and solutions, leading HR. I will then look at the professional area of service delivery and information and look at the activities and knowledge that relates to my current HR role and why. I will also look at the most effective ways forRead MoreAspects Of Customer Relationship Management1148 Words   |  5 PagesThere are several aspects of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). The key aspects include the following. Business to business relationship, this includes relationship with suppliers, distributers and partners or retail channels. This is an external network which works as a support system for the internal networks. The second aspect is data analysis, this is the backbone of CRM system. The customer data that should be analyzed is constantly added and then combined with predictive analytics to planRead MoreDirect Marketing Communication Plan for Market Solutions1702 Words   |  7 PagesDirect Marketing Communication Plan for Marketing Solutions 14. INFORMATION NEEDS Target Markets At the center of any effective marketing strategy is the ability to define what makes a service unique and highly valuable to a given target market. When selling services, which are inherently intangible, the need exists for creating value quickly and with many forms of tangible proof of expertise sold. When selling information services the need to generate trust and a strong sense of value has toRead MoreCIPD 4DEP ACTIVITY 2992 Words   |  4 Pagesan HR Practitioner ensures the services they provide are timely and effective. Understanding Customer Needs for 3 different customers of HR Employees – Require information on employment contracts Managers – Require staff who can fulfill their job role efficiently and meet performance targets. Applicants – Require a clear induction policy and training plan taking their individual needs into account. Prioritising Conflicting Needs The needs of customers may sometimes be conflictingRead MoreProgress Report on My Execution of Duties in the Customer Service Department from 1 June -31 August, 20111256 Words   |  6 PagesPROGRESS REPORT ON MY EXECUTION OF DUTIES IN THE CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPARTMENT FROM 1 JUNE -31 AUGUST, 2011 SUBMITTED BY Sekelagha mkangama SEPTEMBER, 2011 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report gives an account of the progress that I have made in execution of duties in my assignment in the Customer Service Department during the first three months that I have covered in my position as a management trainee, effective 1st June, 2011. The report starts by giving a brief background of the branch programRead MoreCommunication Plan For An Effective Communication910 Words   |  4 PagesA communication plan describes the objectives a company will accomplish in terms of sharing information inside and outside the organization. This communication plan derives from the company’s business plan and is aligned with the overall objectives of the organization. The first and most important task to be able to design an effective communication plan, is for the responsible team to evaluate the company’s goals and objectives for the period encompassing the plan and be able to correlate the plan

Compare and Contrast Functionalism and Structuralism

Chapter 1 What is social psychology? LEARNING OUTCOMES When you have ï ¬ nished studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1 Outline the main differences between experimental and critical approaches to social psychology. 2 Describe the three main ‘metaphysical battles’ between them. 3 Trace the origins of social psychology through the work of William McDougall and William James, and the contributions made by Và ¶lkerpsychologie and crowd psychology. 4 Describe the two contrasting images of ‘the person’ in social psychology. 5 Identify the roots of and describe the historical development of both experimental and critical social psychology. 6 Describe the main elements of Modernism and Postmodernism, and how these relate†¦show more content†¦In those days, she said, a lot of men’s violence towards women was not really treated as a crime. The police in the USA and the UK usually treated attacks like this – even very violent ones – as ‘domestic’ incidents and hence private matters. Worse, common wisdom at that time assumed that any woman stupid or brazen enough to be out on the streets at 3 o’clock in the morning was to be regarded as ‘fair game’. According to Cherry, this was not so much about ‘bystander apathy’ in general but, rather, a speciï ¬ c form of ‘turning a blind eye’ to something that is ‘none of your business’, a very different kind of explanation. Going critical? So why am I starting this book with this story, you may ask? My answer is that I wanted get you interested, to draw you in, right from the start, to thinking critically – cynically, even – about social psychology and what it does. The complex and fascinating story of the story of the rape and murder of Kitty Genovese opens up all sorts of cans of worms – which is what this book is all about. Do not expect to ï ¬ nd in this book any simple, factual account of ‘what makes people tick’ as discovered by social psychologists. You will, I hope, get a good, basic grounding in the key WHAT IS SO CIAL PSYCHOLO GY? 5 topics, methods and approaches that have been taken by mainstream social psychologists, predominantly by means of experimental studies used to test their theories ofShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Structuralism and Functionalism1310 Words   |  6 PagesCOMPARE AND CONTRAST STRUCTURALISM AND FUNCTIONALISM In my opinion both of the theories structuralism and functionalism involved the study of the human mind and how it works and they were both concerned with the mind at the conscious level. Personally, my feel of the two is that functionalism is more important than structuralism. I believe that functionalism is far better school than structuralism as it is more flexible and scientific in nature which I can relate myself with. I happen to thinkRead MoreHistory of Psychology852 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior. Today the question we are doing falls under the History of Psychology. 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These systems reinforce the idea of inequality and social changeRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences between the proposed treatments from each psychological school of thought are used, to discover the most effective measures for diagnosing and treating abnormal psychology. Compare and Contrast Normal and Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology (2010), according to Merriam-Webster, is a branch of psychology concerned with mental and emotional disorders. Abnormal psychology focuses on the four D’s that determine normal and abnormalRead MoreGeneral Psychology Chapter 12275 Words   |  10 Pagesand so on. * Influence: because it specifies ways and means of changing behavior. 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Produces Euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurans and to mood and cognition. 91.Edward Titchener:  father of structuralism. 92.Effortful Processing:  encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. 93.Electroencephalogram (EEG):  an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface. 94.Emotion:  response of the wholeRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pageswhat happens in organizations, and these theories have not been through a peer-review process. This raises some interesting issues around how organization theories are often disseminated, particularly to managers. We shall return to this later. In contrast, the theories we informally use to make sense of our everyday lives are not usually precisely written down and then submitted to such extensive review, debate and the critical scrutiny of our peers. Usually we do not have to worry about the problems

Concrete Lab Report free essay sample

Engineering B45 Concrete Lab Report Introduction: Concrete is a mixture of sand and rock or similar inert material (aggregates) held together by a cementing material. Usually the cementing material is Portland cement, but sometimes binders such as asphalt or gypsum are used, in which case the concrete may be called asphaltic concrete or gypsum concrete. Properties of concrete are governed not only by the properties of its ingredients (cement, water, sand, and coarse aggregate) but also, to a great extent, by the relative proportions of these ingredients. The proportions must be so selected as to produce a concrete mixture of desired workability, strength, durability, and economy. The most common aggregates are gravel and crushed stone, although cinders, blast-furnace slag, burned shale, crushed brick, or other materials may be used because of availability, or to alter such characteristics of the concrete such as workability, density, appearance, or conductivity of heat or sound. We will write a custom essay sample on Concrete Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Usually aggregate which passes a sieve with 0. 187-inch openings (No. 4 sieve) is called fine aggregate, but that retained by a No. sieve is coarse aggregate, although the division is purely arbitrary. If all the particles of aggregate are of the same size, or if too many fine particles are present, an excessive amount of cement paste will be required to produce a workable mixture; a range of sizes aids in the production of an economical mixture. The best concrete for a given use is usually the one which will provide the necessary strength and the desired workability at the lowest cost. Unless otherwise indicated, strength, as applied to concrete, refers to the ultimate compressive strength of the moist-cured concrete at the age of 28 days. Most concretes are batched to provide an ultimate compressive strength of 2500 to 4000 psi after 28 days. The figure below shows a typical strength curve of concrete with the passage of time. The modulus of elasticity of concrete is about 1000 times the ultimate compressive strength. The strength of concrete depends chiefly on the water-cement ratio, with a low ratio producing a strong concrete. While only a small amount of water is required to complete the chemical reactions of setting concrete, more than this is used to make the concrete more workable. The workability of concrete is usually measured by its slump. The standard method of measuring slump consists of placing the freshly-mixed concrete in a mold in the form of a truncated cone, 12 inches high, 8 inches in diameter at the bottom, and 4 inches in diameter at the top. The concrete is placed in the slump cone in three layers, each layer rodded thoroughly to compact it. When filled, the mold is immediately withdrawn by lifting it gently, and the slump of the concrete is measured at the vertical distance from the top of the mass to its original 12 inch height. An increase in the amount of mixing water will increase the slump, but it will also decrease the strength and increase the tendency of the ingredients of the concrete to segregate unless more cement is added. Increasing the amount of cement paste increases the cost, so all three factors- strength, workability, and cost-are interrelated in a complex way. Procedure: 1. Concrete mixtures are commonly given as volume ratios as cement: sand: gravel. You will make two concrete mixtures at ratios given to you by the instructor.

Socialization Of Tarzan Of The Apes Essays -

Socialization of Tarzan of the Apes Sociology of Tarzan of the Apes By Scottie Miller Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs is about socialization and resocialization of the second John Clayton, Lord of Greystoke. Having lost his parents while still a baby, he was adopted by a female ape and accepted partially by her tribe. Not all members of the tribe of apes gave him full membership into their group, which caused Tarzan grief and pain, but also equipped him with the necessary tools for survival. Beyond the immediate story of Tarzan there is an underlying story of the socioeconomic progress of man in an encapsulated span of time, as it must have actually occurred over the eons since man first appeared. Within the text of the story are numerous examples of sociological occurrences dealing with different races and indeed species of animals. Some examples are: 1. Achieved Status... A social position that a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort. Example: Tarzan achieved th e status of King of the Apes by choice and direct effort when he challenged Kerchak for leadership of the group. 2. Activity Theory... The propositions that people tend to shift gears in late middle age, and find substitutes for previous statuses, roles, and activities. Example: In the 1800s human life expectancy was not much beyond 40 or 50 years of age, therefore a young man by today's standards in his mid to late 20s would have been considered middle aged. Tarzan was in this age period when he became irritated with life as the King of the Apes and decided to abdicate his position and return to the cabin his father had built. 3. Agents of Socialization... Those persons, groups, or institutions that teach people what they need to know in order to participate in society. Example: Kala, the female ape that adopted Tarzan, and her group taught him the basics for survival and participation in society. 4. Assimilation... A process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture. Example: Alone in the jungle, Tarzan and his parents were the subordinate group. After the death of his parents Tarzan was absorbed into the dominant culture of the apes. 5. Bilateral Descent... A system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family. Example: Bilateral decent would have been impossible to trace for Tarzan had he not played in the ink from the pen his father was using to write his journal, thereby creating fingerprints. 6. Body Consciousness... A term that describes how a person perceives and feels about his or her body. Example: As a young boy Tarzan was ashamed of his body because he was not hairy like the other apes. As a man, he was glad he was not covered in hair, because Jane was not. 7. Cultural Capital... A term for people's social assets, including values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture. Example: Teaching himself to read and write English, provided Tarza n with the cultural capital necessary to communicate with D'Arnot. 8. Cultural relativism... The belief that the behaviors and customs of a society must be viewed and analyzed within the context of its own culture. Example: A man even considering eating another man would have been ostracized and even institutionalized from others of society, had they been aware of it. In the society in which Tarzan was part, apes did not eat other apes, however they did eat men. 9. Conformity... The process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society, subculture, or other group. Example: Tarzan conformed to societal norms regarding murder by releasing the man who was attempting to force Jane to marry him. 10. Deviance... Any behavior, belief, or condition that violates cultural norms. Example: Tarzan violated the cultural norms of Jane by kissing her profusely in the natural amphitheater in the jungle without a proper introduction or acquaintanceship. 11. Di ffusion... The transmission of cultural items or social practices from one group or society to another. Example: The hunting knife belonging to John Clayton was found by Tarzan thus diffusing it into the

Common Latin Abbreviations Used in English

Common Latin Abbreviations Used in English In this list of common Latin abbreviations youll find what they stand for and how theyre used. The first list is alphabetical, but the definitions that follow are linked thematically. For instance, p.m. follows a.m.   A.D. A.D. stands for Anno Domini in the year of our Lord and refers to events after the birth of Christ. It is used as part of a pair with B.C. Here is an example: The standard date given for the fall of Rome is A.D. 476. The start date of Rome is, traditionally, 753 B.C. More politically correct are the terms C.E. for the current era and B.C.E. for the other. A.D. traditionally precedes the date, but this is changing. A.M. A.M. stands for ante meridiem and is sometimes abbreviated a.m. or am. A.M. means before noon and refers to morning. It starts just after midnight. P.M. P.M. stands for post meridiem and is sometimes abbreviated p.m. or pm. P.M. refers to afternoon and evening. P.M. starts just after noon. Etc. The very familiar Latin abbreviation etc. stands for et cetera and the rest or and so forth. In English, we use the word etcetera or et cetera without necessarily being aware it is actually Latin. E.G. If you want to say for example, you would use e.g. Here is an example: Some of the Julio-Claudian emperors, e.g., Caligula, were said to be insane. I.E. If you want to say that is, you would use i.e. Here is an example: The last of the Julio-Claudians, i.e., Nero.... In Citations Ibid Ibid., from ibidem means the same or in the same place. You would use ibid. to refer to the same author and work (e.g., book, html page, or journal article) as the one immediately preceding. Op. Cit. Op. cit. comes from the Latin opus citatum or opere citato work cited. Op. cit. is used when ibid. is inappropriate because the immediately preceding work is not the same. You would only use op. cit. if you have already cited the work in question. Et Seq. To refer to a certain page or passage and those that follow it, you may find the abbreviation et seq. This abbreviation ends in a period.   Sc. The abbreviation sc. or scil. means namely. Wikipedia says it is in the process of being replaced by i.e. Latin Abbreviations of Comparison q.v. and c.f. You would use q.v. if you wanted to make reference to something elsewhere in your paper; whilec.f. would be more appropriate for a comparison with an outside work.

Every AP English Language and Composition Practice Exam

Every AP English Language and Composition Practice Exam SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips With the AP English Language and Composition exam coming up, it’s important to find the best practice resources, and that includes practice tests!The AP Language and Composition exam has two sections: a multiple-choice section with 52-55 multiple questions, and a free-response section with three essay questions- one synthesis prompt, one analysis prompt, and one argument prompt. But not all AP Lang practice tests are like the real exam, and they aren’t all of equal quality. In this guide, I’ll break down where you can find official College Board AP Language and Composition practice test resources, other free resources out there, and paid practice tests and questions. I’ll also break down which resources are high-quality and how to best incorporate AP English practice tests into your exam preparation. Official Practice Resources The best practice test resources come from the College Board. This is because they are the ones who create and administer all AP exams, including AP Lang and Comp, so their materials are the closest to the real, actual questions you will be seeing on test day! If you practice with material that’s close to the actual exam, you’ll feel more comfortable when you are actually taking the test. Therefore, when possible, it’s best to use College Board materials. However, it’s worth noting that official resources for AP Language and Composition are a little bit sparse, especially when compared to the AP Literature exam. There are, in general, three resources that the College Board offers for any given AP exam: complete released exams, released free-response questions from previous years, and sample questions from the â€Å"AP Course and Exam Description.† Complete Released Exams Unfortunately, the College Board doesn’t appear to have released any official complete AP English Language and Composition practice exams, so I have nothing to link to here. However, you can probably find at least one entire past exam by Googling â€Å"AP Language complete released exam† or similar variations on that. Make sure any AP Language and Composition released exams you get this way have answer keys, though! You might also ask your AP teacher if she has any copies of old AP exams you can use for practice. AP teachers can purchase past exams from the College Board that students don’t have access to. Shemay not be able to let you take them home, but even then you could be allowed to use them in a supervised setting. Released Free-Response Questions The College Board has posted years and years worth of past AP Language and Composition free-response questions that are at your disposal for practice purposes. However, only the tests from 2007-onward include the same three question types that are on the test currently. Earlier tests include two rhetorical analysis questions instead of a synthesis question. Sample Questions From the â€Å"AP Course and Exam Description† The AP Course and Exam description for AP Language and composition includes 50 multiple-choice questions (so, just two questions short of a complete multiple-choice section) and three free-response prompts: one synthesis prompt, one analysis prompt, and one argument prompt. This means that the sample questions from the Course and Exam Description are just two multiple-choice questions shy of being a complete AP English Language and Composition practice exam, so if you want to use it as one you definitely can. In fact, if you can’t find any official tests either from Google or your teacher, I advise it. Otherwise, you can add these College-Board approved questions to your practice bank! Put them in the bank! Free Unofficial Resources Outside of the College Board, there are lots of sites offering free practice questions for the AP Language and Comp exam. But which ones will actually help you? Since anyone can slap together a few questions and call it an â€Å"AP Language and Composition Practice Test,† how do you sort the wheat from the chaff? I’ve combed through tons of free resources so you don’t have to! Presented in order of quality, from best to worst, here’s my list of all the free AP Language practice tests and quizzes I could find out there. College Countdown Complete AP Language Practice Test College Countdown offers a complete unofficial practice test, essays and all. While the exact wording of the multiple-choice questions isn’t exactly the same as on a real AP exam, the tasks are very similar and the passages are well-selected. The essays are solid examples of the AP essay prompt style, although you could also substitute the unofficial free-response section for an official past free-response question if you wanted to make the experience even closer to a real AP. Also, there are robust answer explanations. This is an especially good resource given that there isn’t an official College Board-released exam for this test. McGraw-Hill AP Practice Quiz The academic publisher McGraw-Hill offers a 25-question multiple-choice diagnostic quiz for the AP English Language exam. The quiz is nominally 25 questions, but you might actually be able to get more than 25 questions’ worth of practice out of it because every time you open a new test window you get a subset of questions that are randomly selected from a question pool. This quiz has pretty difficult, well-written multiple-choice questions that actually resemble real AP questions, so it’s a particularly good resource. The passages do open in another window, though, which is a small annoyance. Albert iO AP English Language Practice Albert offers a huge number of mini-quizzes on analyzing the rhetoric of various notable nonfiction passages. The questions don’t exactly sound like genuine AP questions- the style is a little more informal and to the point- but they are decent practice for answering questions about rhetorical techniques as applied in a given passage. You can’t access the most difficult questions if you don’t pay, but all of the other question levels are free. High School Test Prep AP Language Practice Tests High School Test Prep offers four short practice tests, each offering questions about a given nonfiction passage. The question style is definitely different from that of true AP questions; like the Albert questions, they are written in a more stylistically simplistic way. Additionally, the ratio of questions about the passage overall versus specific moments in the passage is weighted much more heavily towards overall passage questions than the real AP exam. However, these are still decent rhetorical analysis practice questions, and this resource isan especially good choice if you find yourself struggling with identifying the major themes and arguments of passages overall. Varsity Tutors AP English Practice Tests Varsity Tutors offers very short, skill-specific quizzes. The questions don’t sound all that much like AP questions, and every question asks about a different short passage, which is a little bit bizarre and inefficient. Additionally, not all of the specific skills they offer quizzes in are super-relevant to AP Language (e.g. â€Å"Motives and goals of characters†). However, if you feel like there are very specific rhetorical techniques you are confused about, taking some of the quizzes here could be a good study strategy.If you want to track your scores, you can make a free account with Varsity Tutors, but it’s not necessary to be able to access the quizzes. 4tests.com AP English Language Exam This site offers a 35-question AP English Language and Composition practice exam. The questions are somewhat overly basic and passages are not particularly similar in style or content to actual AP Language passages, though. Additionally, the interface is a little bit clunky. I would only use these if you desperately need some additional, very basic rhetorical analysis practice. Clunky like a retro calculator. Paid Unofficial Resources If you need even more practice, there are also paid unofficial practice test resources available. Review Books Review books usually contain one or more complete practice tests and are a great resource when you run out of free resources. Not all review books are equally high-quality, though- be sure to look at reviews (and check out the questions by flipping through the book at the bookstore if you can, to see how similar they are to actual AP questions). As a starting place, Barron’s and the Princeton Review both generally offer high-quality AP review books. Shmoop - Paid Subscription Shmoop is a test prep subscription service that offers material for a variety of standardized tests, including AP Language and Composition. I can’t advise as to the quality of the material or the questions, though, because the service has an access cost of a dollar a day. Peterson’s AP Practice Tests A bundle of two AP Lang and Comp practice tests from this site costs twenty dollars. I couldn’t find much information or reviews as to the quality of the material, though, so this is a bit of a gamble. You’d likely be better off buying a well-reviewed review book with practice tests. How to Use Practice Resources in Your Exam Prep How to best use practice resources as you study depends a lot on what kind of practice material you are using. I’ll review how to make the most of different types of resources here. Complete Practice Exams (Official and Maybe Unofficial) The best way to use complete practice tests is to do full timed practice-runs for exam day. Bring a clock, a timer, and a hefty supply of pencils into a quiet room and have at it! A practice-run will help you to feel more comfortable when it’s time to take the exam for real in May. If you have access to multiple practice tests, you can even take complete tests at different times in the studying process to see how you’ve improved and what you still need to work on. When you do take practice tests, it can be helpful to get someone else to help grade your free-response essays based on the rubric. You should aim to take your first full-length practice test around the beginning of your second semester. Normally I advise to only use official College Board practice tests for this, but since easily accessible complete official exams for the AP Language and Composition exam are sparse, you may want to supplement with the practice test from College Countdown linked to above. Official College Board Practice Free-Response and Sample Questions Released free-response questions from past years are best for practicing specifically for the free-response section in a targeted way. You can work on the prompt types that you find the most difficult or practice outlining essays in a certain amount of time, or writing all three essays in 120 minutes. If you don’t use the Course and Exam Description as a practice test, the multiple choice questions are great targeted practice for the first section of the text. It will help you get familiar with the College Board’s question style and work on your rhetorical close-reading. Unofficial Practice Quizzes and Questions Unofficial practice quizzes and questions just aren’t going to be as much like the real AP exam as College Board materials. However, while they aren’t as helpful for prepping for the exam format or question styles, they are still good practice for building your rhetorical analysis skills, which is critical for the exam. High-quality unofficial resources are definitely worth your time. Building rhetorical analysis skills: more complicated than building with blocks. Key Takeaways Practice tests are a key AP prep resource. The best resources come from the College Board, but unfortunately, official College Board resources for AP Language and Composition are a little bit sparse as compared to some other AP exams.However, there are also tons of unofficial resources, and some are high-quality. Most are free, but a few are paid. Once you have your resources assembled, you might not be sure how to use them. Complete practice tests are best for mimicking the experience of the actual exam, sample Official questions are best for targeted section practice, and unofficial practice tests are best for rhetorical analysis skill-building. You’re ready to practice your way to AP success! What's Next? We also have complete practice test lists for AP Literature,AP US History, AP Chemistry, AP Biology, AP Psychology, and AP World History. Or see our guide to finding the best AP practice tests for any exam. Taking the AP Literature exam? See our ultimate guide to AP Literature. Wondering if you should be trying for an AP test perfect score? Or maybe you just need more guidance on how to study for AP exams. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. 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Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Strategic management - Essay Example The company because of its innovative services has been able to maximize its revenue growth over the years. The company has been able to secure goo profit margins amongst tough competition but in the recent years the net profit margin has shown a decline because of its acquisitions. There exist different forms of strategies that a company undertakes when the competition is fierce in the market place or when the company finds that there is greater scope in a completely different market segment that would be helpful for the company for long run. Strategic management is an important course of action for any organization in today’s dynamic and changing market conditions. Similarly maintaining market leadership is major concern area for Vodafone in the markets of UK. This has also resulted in provided digital convergence by delivering digital services and content through converged networks such as IP networks to devices such as laptops, PCs, smartphones, etc., with the help of vari ous converged applications. These applications are mainly in the form of music streaming on a handheld device or on PC. Bundling services are the major demand in the market place as the number of players in the telecommunication sector is increasing it is giving more chance to the customers to switch over to any other telecom service provider. The strategic development towards change is majorly because of many new forms of technologies in the market. The communication market segment is very dynamic in nature and there is a constant invention of brand new forms of technologies and applications. There has also been a growth in consumer mobility which has given rise to many new form of application such as cloud systems. As the competition is very strong in the markets of UK it has resulted into great opportunity for those players who want to enter into the communications world. This has resulted into more

Negative Effects of Media on Children Research Paper

Negative Effects of Media on Children - Research Paper Example Young generation particularly the children view the TV and use the Internet more than people of any other age-group because of a number of reasons. â€Å"The average American child watches an estimate between 25,000 to 40,000 television commercials per year. In the UK, it is about 10,000† (Shah, 2010). Elders have such activities as higher studies and work that put constraints upon the time for which they can view TV or use the Internet for non-work purposes. Children have ample time to give to media. â€Å"By age 18 years, the average child has spent the equivalent of more than 2 years of his or her life watching television† (Tuberose.com, n.d.). Multinational companies have used this fact as a means to exploit the children for personal gains. While children have benefited from the media in some ways, the potential negative consequences of media on children far outweigh the positive ones. Presence of three or more risk factors increases the likelihood of occurrence of the negative consequences, (Kirsh, 2010, p. 240) and the number of risk factors in media for children is far more than just three. Media has made children the â€Å"passive zombie-viewers† (Fisch cited in Bryant and Oliver, 2009, p. 402). This paper discusses the negative effects of media on the children. Media has destroyed the children physically, psychologically and morally. Media has altered children’s eating habits for the worse and has exposed them to the risk of a lot of diseases. In the past, children used to consume more organic food than they do today. Children used to be much more prudent in their use of money in the past than they are now. â€Å"Sure, they bought penny candy and an occasional soft drink, but retailers did not think of them as customers per se. They were more often perceived as "Mrs. Bohuslov's kids" who just happened to buy something while they were in the store. Children had money, but it was for saving, not spending† (McNeal, 2011) . Today, children happen to be the biggest consumers of the fast food of all kinds. A vast majority of children have made such food items as burgers, pizzas, pastries, chocolates, and soft drinks a necessary part of their meals. Change in the quality of foods they consume can be fundamentally attributed to media. â€Å"$15-17 billion is spent by companies advertising to children in the US. Over $4 billion was spent in 2009 by the fast food industry alone† (Shah, 2010). Most of the fast food commercials are broadcast during the cartoon movies and other TV programs that are meant for the children. Another reason why children should be considered the intended audience of these commercials is the fact that a vast majority of such commercials involve child stars. Little children can be seen eating and enjoying the chocolates, biscuits, cupcakes as well as the KFC and McDonalds’ burgers. Children viewing these commercials gain inspiration from the ones that are performing in them. As a result of consuming the fast foods, children are becoming overweight and obese. Unlike the past, there is a considerable population of children that are obese and have acquired many illnesses and diseases consequently. For example, diabetes was considered to be the disease only in adults in the past. These days, it is not uncommon for a child to have diabetes and blood pressure. Bad eating habits acquired in the tender age of childhood remain with an individual throughout the life. â€Å"

Organizational Behavior Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behavior Essay The paper would discuss about a case study of a departmental store called, Macy’s, where the problem statement would be elaborated, comprehensive analysis would be done regarding the problems and circumstances, and finally recommendations would be given as a solution which would be followed by a conclusion. So let’s have a quick overview of what the case study talks about. Macy’s, which is a departmental store organization, has recently decided to reshape the organizational structure where more emphasis would be laid on the local districts and stores as compared to the central stores. Moreover, they would be given more autonomy and authority to operate, conduct research, order merchandise, and market those products in a suitable manner depending on the type of the target market, social norms, and customers’ needs. This strategy is designed in order to keep the customers close to the business, understand what actually they want, how they want, and at what prices they want; therefore, doing every such thing in order to fulfill their needs and wants and keeping them satisfied. Macy’s has around 20 districts that operate in different regions, and the managers or staff working there would now be handling with less stores than previously. This would be done to make them focused on the areas where they are working, penetrate in there, grab the market share, and bring in more profits. Not only this, Macy’s several retail outlets were named differently, which all are rebranded and named as Macy’s. This is all done because previous mergers and expansion of the business did not provide lucrative results due to the improper formulation and implementation of the strategies. Problem Statement The problem in reshaping the organizational structure is that many of the employees, around 2000, would be laid off in just a blink of an eye, which would of course create some retaliation on part of the employees and unions. Another problem would be the decision-making, as in, who should be appointed as a manager or supervisor of a given district so that he enjoys his autonomy and own decisions. It would create conflicts among the employees because everyone would be willing to be a manager or supervisor. Read more:Â  Essay on Organizational Behavior Furthermore, the restructuring would take time and most importantly, the costs of operating separately would increase because each store in a different district would be ordering different types of products with different features and variants. Not only this, marketers would have to conduct research extensively to find out the consumer’s needs, wants, preferences, and purchasing power. Case Study Analysis Now let’s highlight each problem and analyze it in great detail. Starting from the first problem where 2000 thousand employees would be laid off, it would not be pointless to say that the employees would retaliate over the uncertainty of their jobs as in, whom the company would be layoff and why. This would instigate a sense of demotivation, dejection, and a feeling among the employees where they would no longer see them as part of the organization; therefore, the performance would drastically decline before the implementation of the new plan – reshaping the organizational structure. Instead of moving on forward and implement the plan, the company would entangle itself in another problem and hence would waste the time in dealing with it. Talking about the second problem, of course the employees would be glad that finally they would get a chance to think, plan, and implement their own ideas and strategies since they would be held responsible for their separate stores and given autonomy. But on the other hand, the big question mark that would be lying in the minds of the employees would be to whom the autonomy would be given be given and why, because almost every one of them would love to have such autonomy. Conflicts after conflicts would occur because once the employees are given their charge and autonomy, each of them would face confrontations from those who were neglected and not selected as a manger. This would create a ripple effect in the whole process and would eventually undermine the organizational performance. Not only this, the demands of each of those managers or supervisors regarding the resources and funds would be different, since each of them would want to spend as much money and resources as required in order to get fruitful results. This of course, would lead to the lavish spending and waste of resources that might lead to the incurring of loss for the company due to the increase of unnecessary costs. The reshaping of any organization’s structure is not an easy task; in fact, it takes time and resources to take it to the next level. Currently Macy’s has a tall or mechanistic structure, where there lies several hierarchies and the power or autonomy is central; and the new strategy is designed to eliminate some hierarchical levels and distribute the powers to separate districts in order to have an organic or flat structure (Robbins Judge, 2007). The problem related to this restructuring would be manifold because the company would have to be ready to face the ever-increasing costs of operating separately and customizing the product lines. First of all, the costs related to the payrolls would increase as the responsibility of the employees would increase. Not only this, the managers would have to be trained for acquiring the skills to handle the whole district and the stores, so this would require considerable amount of investment too. When it comes to gathering the information about the locality to know the market trends, customers’ needs and wants, in order to sell customized products; therefore, the managers would have to be provided with sufficient funds and resources to conduct market research surveys through several tools including questionnaires, focus groups, in-depth interviews, and informal interviews (Zikmund, 2006). Increased costs would not stop here, in fact the tailoring of products with respect to their types, sizes, colors, and features would require the manufacturer and supplier costs to increase. In addition to these problems, there is no surety that the new strategies would work the way they are expected to and give favorable outcomes. If they get flop, the result would be quite disastrous for the company and all of its district stores. Till now we discussed the problems that are there and might arise when the new plan would be implemented; now let’s shed some light over the recommendations for overcoming these problems. Recommendations Macy’s departmental store management team should consider the dark sides of its plan and prepare contingency plans that can be implemented to overcome the loss. First of all, in order to deal with the retaliation problem from the side of employees due to layoff, Macy’s should introduce a plan where those employees who are to be laid off, would be informed well before the time and would be offered three month salaries in advance so that they do no face any problem until they stay unemployed. This would somewhat cool them down and would not force them to retaliate. As far as the second problem is concerned, Macy’s should consider appointing the senior employees as managers of separate district and local stores, who are there at Macy’s for many years and have considerable experience. Not only this, another strategy that should be introduced and implemented throughout the Macy’s stores chain is the compensation plan called Performance-based compensation, where the employees who perform well and have better productivity level are rewarded by monetary rewards or promotion to be a manager or supervisor. This will create the need and sense of responsibility among the employees to reduce unnecessary costs, improve productivity in terms of sales, and gain overall efficiency; therefore, the issue of wastage of resources would automatically diminish. Furthermore, the conflicts would be eliminated since all the employees would be working diligently so that he or she can be promoted and rewarded more. Since Macy’s departmental organization has an extensive chain of stores, so implementing such a big change of organizational restructuring would not be easy and would require the services of specialists and consultants. Therefore, Macy’s must hire some change agents and consultants who would then study each and every aspect of the organization, the needs and requirements, and would form an effective plan for bringing on the change. They usually adopt the method including three major steps – freezing, changing, and refreezing (Daft, 1997). The whole process of change would go systematically and the chances of occurring of blunders would be very minimal, since these change agents are master in their jobs. Conclusion After analyzing the whole case study, we found out several problems that the company might face when the new plan of organizational restructuring takes place. Those problems include retaliation from the side of employees due to layoff, conflicts among the employees over getting more autonomy and job status, and swelling costs due to the separate demands and needs of the stores operating under distinct cultural and social settings. Then we highlighted some of the recommendations that if implemented, can overcome these issues effectively. Employees must be told in advance about their being layoff and granted with three months of advance salaries. Secondly, Macy’s should appoint experienced and senior employees as the mangers and supervisors of the chain stores; moreover, performance-based compensation plan must be implemented. And finally, the services of change agents and consultants should be taken for implementing the new plan of restructuring, who would implement it in a systematic way by first freezing the company, changing it, and then refreezing it. Consequently, the task of restructuring is a hectic and difficult one that requires ample amount of time, but it is not impossible and can be made to meet its end meet by devising effective strategies to carry on with it. References Daft. R. L. (1997). Management. Fourth Edition. U. S. A. The Dryden Press Robbins. S. P, and Judge. T. A. 2007. Organizational Behavior. India. Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. Zikmund. W. G. (2003). Business Research Methods. Seventh edition. Singapore. Thomson Asia pte. Ltd.

Emotional, Behavioral, and Psychological Disturbances in Neglected Chil

Every year millions of children are abused and neglected worldwide. Child abuse is a global concern. It has severe outcomes on the children who are victims, and often the effects are long-lasting. Child abuse is a highly under-reported crime although of those reported, neglect accounts for the majority of child abuse cases (Pala, ÃÅ"nalacak, & ÃÅ"nlà ¼oÄŸlu, 2011). Neglect in children often has more dire consequences than other types of child abuse (DePanfilis, Children’s Bureau, & Office on Child Abuse & Neglect, 2006). One consequence especially prevalent in neglected children is insecure or lack of attachment to a primary caregiver. John Bowlby’s research has shown the evolutionary importance of infant attachments, further research shows that infant attachment styles carry over into adulthood (Levine & Heller, 2011). Neglected children showed disturbed attachments that manifest into developmental delays and behavioral problems. Through treatment neglected childr en aim to learn how to create secure attachments (Hardy, 2007). Defining neglect Numerous teachers, family doctors, social workers, among other professionals will be faced with child abuse and have the responsibility of reporting mistreatment. Therefore, it is important for these specialists to be able to recognize signs of child abuse and neglect (Pala, et al, 2011). The World Health Organization Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention currently recognizes four types of child abuse: physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect. Dr. Bengà ¼ Pala and his colleagues found that neglect accounted for up to 71% of the child abuse cases in 2008 around the world. They defined neglect as a parent or caregiver’s precedence of failure to provide for the development and welfare of the child ... ...on regulation and emotional stability (Hardy, 2007). From 2000 to 2004, 7.6 out of every 1,000 children were reported as being neglected. The Third National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect found that less than a third of child maltreatment is reported. The signs of neglect can often be subtle and hard for other adults to recognize; this attributes to the underreporting of neglect cases (DePanfilis, et al., 2006). Due to the fact that child abuse distresses millions of children every year and millions more suffer silently, it is important to improve research on the dilemma. Several studies acknowledge that there is an absence of research on attachment theory in neglected children (Venet et al.) It is imperative that research on attachment disorders drastically advance so that effective treatments can be developed allowing neglected children to heal.

The Reasons And Effects Of Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

One of the most define issue of our epoch is planetary clime alteration. It is the biggest menace to the hereafter of life on Earth. Rising mean temperature, high tide degrees, ocean salt and sourness ( pH ) , air current forms and utmost conditions events including drouths, heavy precipitation, heat moving ridges and the strength of tropical cyclones like hurricanes and typhoons are some utmost conditions events as a consequence of clime alteration. So, clime alteration confronts humanity arguably with the most serious challenge that it has of all time faced. The more it is studied it shows that there are some elements of this serious menace. These elements need to be understood to cut down these alterations and do things slower as the concluding result will be ‘Catastrophe ‘ due to these alterations. 2. What Is Climate? Climate is the long term prevalent conditions conditions of an country. The general or mean upwind conditions of a certain part including temperature, rainfall, and air current is called clime. 3. What is Climate alteration? Climate alteration is a long term alteration in the statistical distribution of conditions forms over periods of that scope from decennaries to 1000000s of old ages. The alteration may be in the mean conditions conditions or a alteration in the distribution of conditions events with regard with an norm. These alterations may be limited to a specific part or may happen universe broad. The definition of clime alteration given in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is considered best as it is â€Å" A alteration of clime which is attributed straight or indirectly to human activity that alters the planetary composing of planetary ambiance and which is in add-on to natural clime variableness observed over comparable clip periods. † Any sort of alteration has a direct consequence and clime alteration is no different. It affects human civilisation. But the alterations we talk about are planetary and different. These alterations will convey calamity might stop human civilisation. The American HeritageA ® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Copyright 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, A © Random House, Inc. 2010. 4. Reason of clime alteration: Change in planetary clime has some peculiar grounds. The chief ground of planetary clime alteration is addition of Carbon gases in the ambiance. a ) Greenhouse consequence: Certain gases in the ambiance behave like the glass on a green house, leting sunshine to come in, but barricading heat from get awaying. During twenty-four hours earth becomes hot as it absolves heat and at dark clip it releases heat. But some C gases block the heat and Earth can non let go of heat usually. So, our Earth becomes hotter and temperature rises which causes alteration in clime. B ) Addition in emanation of Carbon gases: Carbon gases are heat shriving, such as CO2. Increase of C gases in the ambiance makes earth hotter than normal. So, inordinate emanation of Carbon gases cause rise of temperature in the environment which is one of the major ground of clime alteration. degree Celsius ) Deforestation: Deforestation is one of the major causes of planetary clime alteration. Cuting trees is non good for environment as tree consumes CO2from the environment. Deforestation does non assist to cut down C gases from the environment. vitamin D ) Volcanic eruption: Volcanic eruption disposes dozenss of C gases in the ambiance which is largely responsible for the addition of planetary temperature. vitamin E ) Massive population growing: Massive population growing is an indirect cause of clime alteration. Peoples cuts tree, uses fossil fuel and does many other things to carry through their demands. These activities are non good for environment. So the addition in population agencies addition in the rate of clime alteration. degree Fahrenheit ) Dependence on fossil fuel: Peoples of the Earth are extremely dependent on fossil fuel. As they have really limited resource on alternate energy beginning they largely use fossil fuel as energy beginning. But fossil fuel is a really high beginning of emanation of Carbon gases. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , 2001. â€Å" Working Group I Third Assessment Report. † Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK. 881 pp. National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) . 2001. â€Å" Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions. â€Å" National Academies Press. 42 pp. Cynthia Rosenzweig, Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.giss.nasa.gov/ ) William Solecki, Hunter College, City University of New York hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hunter.cuny.edu/ ) 5. Effectss of clime alteration: Climate alteration has terrible consequence on humanity and life on Earth. Day by twenty-four hours our Earth is altering and it ‘s acquiring a difficult topographic point to populate on. Climate alteration is the ground for assorted natural catastrophes of recent clip. It has made the whole environment system unpredictable. a ) Average temperature rise: As a consequence of clime alteration the mean temperature of the Earth has increased. It has made the environment inconsistent and the Earth ‘s season circle has collapsed due to this ground. 1990 was the warmest decennary in last 1000 twelvemonth and in this decennary temperature increased about at consecutive graph. B ) High tide: As a consequence of temperature rise ice of south and North Pole will be melted fast and the H2O will eventually make the ocean. So, the sea degree will lift significantly and high tides will go a new job. Coastal civilisations like SriLanka, Maldives and Fiji will be destroyed. Rising sea degree will hold sever consequence on states like Bangladesh, Australia, India, Indonesia as most of their land will travel under H2O. degree Celsius ) Increase in ocean salt and sourness: Scientists have found oceans are able to shrive some of the extra CO2 released by human activity. So the more CO2 in the ambiance means the more in the oceans. This will increase the salt and sourness of sea H2O. Research show that some of the sea H2O ‘s Salinity and sourness will increase approximately 30 % after the terminal of twenty-first century. vitamin D ) Extreme conditions events: Global clime alteration will convey utmost conditions events like ‘Super Storm ‘ . These storms will hold air currents velocity of more than 200 stat mi and will destruct anything at its manner. Global heating will engender many ace storms. vitamin E ) Massive tropical cyclone: Climate alteration will increase the denseness of tropical cyclone. These cyclones are monolithic and destructive. Hurricane Katrina is the worst possible illustration of that in recent clip. Economic harm due to Katrina was 81 billion USD and estimated recovery needs more than 200 billion USD. Sometimes tropical cyclone brings high tide and boom storm. ‘Abdu'l-Baha , from a Tablet translated from Persian, quoted in a memoranda on â€Å" Gaia and Nature, † to the Universal House of Justice from its Research Department of the Baha'i World Centre, 8 June 1992. See World Commission on Environment and Development ( Brundtland Commission ) , Our Common Future ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987 ) . Bouma-Prediger, Steven, For the Beauty of the Earth ( Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001 ) P 6. International jurisprudence to cut down clime alteration: A political understanding such as the Copenhagen Accord may be considered as a measure frontward if it is taken earnestly by those who want to continue with its executing. The authorization of such understanding will basically depend on whether its executing can be effected through political force per unit area from Governments, civil society. There are two ways the Accord could assist the clime treatments to predate in 2010: a ) It could function as an input to the AWGs. During treatments, the working groups could mention to the papers and the determinations agreed by Heads of State. B ) The Accord could go the karyon of a new international clime policy program to develop clime policy outside the UNFCCC with a limited figure of states back uping it and working under the commissariats of the papers. With respect to its contents, the chief elements of the Copenhagen Accord are that: a ) Countries officially commit to the 2 degree mark but it neither translates this figure into GHG emanations ( including a peak twelvemonth ) nor describes processs for attempt sharing. B ) By the terminal of January 2010, Appendix I to the Accord will consist of economy-wide marks for 2020 pledged voluntarily by developed states through a bottom up procedure. Developed states can perpetrate to implement separately or jointly quantified emanation lessening marks, to be Measured, Reported and Verified ( MRVed ) based on guidelines bing under the UNFCCC. Following the analysis of Egenhofer and Georgiev ( 2009 ) , the most determined upper bound of the pledges for 2020 submitted before Copenhagen, combined with the executing of the national programs in China and India, would convey the Earth towards a 3.2A °C addition by 2100 at best. C ) Improvement of actions in developing states will be supported instantly through new and extra, predictable and sufficient beginnings of support. To this terminal the corporate committedness of developed states is nearing US $ 30 billion for the period between 2010-2012, turning to US $ 100 billion a twelvemonth in 2020 with balanced portion between version and extenuation. Thereby, for the first clip promise to a end of reciprocally mobilise is set and could let go of the fiscal dead end giving farther drift to the betterment of C markets. It is normally stated that the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund shall be well-known to back up undertakings, coders, policy and other actions in increasing states related to betterment. A high degree panel will be established to analyze the part of the likely beginnings of net incomes. vitamin D ) A Technology system shall be established by the understanding, even though no inside informations of this system or thoughts behind the term have been provided. vitamin E ) The comparative importance of, every bit good as interaction between, these three paths will merely go clear over the following months, peculiarly in February when it will go evident which Parties have authorized the understanding. On the other manus, even if all of the chief emitters support the chief consequence of COP 15, the Copenhagen understanding, there will still be the demand for extra treatment. There are, for illustration, many more chances for set uping a more sustainable international betterment class, some of which have been identified by the AWG-LCA and the AWG-KP, that are non recognized in the Copenhagen understanding. degree Fahrenheits ) Low C conveyance systems require an included attack that lessening distances traveled prioritizes low-carbon manners and decreases the carbon-emissions of vehicles. For this ground, engineering is non limited to the energy effectivity of vehicles and bio-fuels but refers to power efficient conveyance systems as a whole, on top of any size from the local to the national. Technology Transfer under the UNFCCC is treated every bit supplying the capableness to invent and use engineerings. It is hence in theory well-matched to the conveyance system position and a engineering mechanism should provide capacity constructing sing all manners of sustainable conveyance. g ) The Copenhagen understanding endorses the significance of C markets as a agency to acquire emanation cut down but it does non propose the creative activity of a sector crediting system. In rule, Parties agree to extra work with the instrument but the hereafter of the Kyoto Protocol is still dubious and the treatments of the AWG-KP in Copenhagen resulted in advancement. The same applies to likely developments of the CDM under the AWG-KP, which could function to do the system more suited for undertakings in the conveyance sector. This would be helpful for conveyance as to day of the month there are few CDM conveyance related undertakings. Several recommendations have been developed for ways in which barriers to the greater engagement of the conveyance sector in the CDM flexible system could be overcome. Egenhofer, Christian and Georgiev, Anton ( 2009 ) : The Copenhagen Accord – A first pang at decoding the deductions for the EU. CEPTS Commentary, 25 December 2009. Niklas, Michiel Schaeffer, Claudine Chen, Bill Hare, Katja Eisbrenner, Markus Hagemann, Christian Ellermann ( 2009 ) , Copenhagen Climate Deal – How to Close the Gap, Briefing paper, Ecofys & A ; Climate Analytics, 15 December H ) UNFCCC adopts a jurisprudence of â€Å" common but differentiated undertakings. † The parties fixed that: * The biggest portion of historical and modern planetary emanations of nursery gases originated in developed states ; * Per capita emanations in developing states are still relatively low ; * The portion of planetary emanations arising in developing states will raise to acquire together societal and development necessities. 7. Recommendation: * International: Require states to information on national schemes in the field of conveyance through their National substructure. Construct up a sector attack for international conveyance. Implement a sector halt working in a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action. Provide Parties with ordinance for conveyance NAMA. Develop control for Programmed of Activity ( PoA ) in the conveyance sector. Develop attacks for even transport baselines under the CDM Develop counsel for how both public and private sector conveyance Stakeholders can entree money for accommodation For a more elaborate treatment of conveyance NAMAs see Dalkmann, H. , Sakamoto, K. , Binsted, A. and Avery, K. ( 2009b ) Schemes to convey land conveyance into the clime alteration dialogues. Discussion Paper. Available from possible conveyance NAMA commissioned by the ADB and IDB. * National: put sector emanation lessening end on a national degree Particular conveyance Nationally Appropriate betterment Action must be developed specially in states that have a immense portion of emanations from the conveyance sector, otherwise who are likely to in the coming old ages? Conduct pilot undertakings to demo climate proofing of conveyance systems, largely in metropoliss. Submit indexs for farther combination of the conveyance sector into National Adaptation policy. 8. Decision: So what ‘s following? The challenge that climate alteration airss to mankind requires the international society to maintain on pressing frontward. The sum of options, options and bracketed text in bill of exchange AWG paperss demonstrates the big sum of negociating work that still needs to be done. It is besides likely that even if an understanding under the UNFCCC could be reached in 2010, there will still be a batch work needed to place the implementing necessities by 2012. In a procedure presently characterized by so much uncertainness, two things are clear – 2009 saw a major addition in the repute of the conveyance sector in the clime alteration argument, and the energy must be maintained to do certain that the nexus between conveyance and clime policy is strengthened in 2010.

Operations management case study Essay

Introduction Some of the most essential factors that can be used in the management of customers include order winning and order qualifying factors. Notably, these factors are very essential in ensuring that businesses carry out their activities in the most efficient ways. It is quite imperative for various organisations to understand the distinct aspects related to order winning and order qualifying factors in order to ascertain progress in meeting organisational goals and objectives. Admittedly, order winning aspects are the things that can directly be attributed to the success of a business. On the other hand, order qualifying factors are those that are considered as factors responsible for average level of highly competitive performance that can be accepted among customers. This section seeks to discuss the order winning factors and how they can be applied in small car business. Order winning factors include strategies that are used by companies in enabling internal operational aspects in orde r to create competitive advantage and achieve market success. In fact, order winning factors have to involve a combination and co-ordination of marketing and operation based activities. In fact, operation managers are the ones who are often responsible for ensuring that order winning and order qualifying aspects are introduced in order to enable orders win and acquire a larger market share in a specific market. For the case of small cars, it is quite important for marketers to ensure that they identify the demands by customers and work towards meeting their demands. An order winning factor would give the customers the reasons why they should purchase the cars and ensure that they get the value for their money. For a small car, the order winning factors would be elements such as performance, effectiveness of the design, availability, attractiveness, price, among other factors. In order to ensure that the customers purchase a product such as a small car, the marketers have to ensure that the factors are in line with the customer’s needs and wants. As  a matter of fact, the small cars have to be designed in a manner that would give customer value attributes to the customer and satisfy their needs. For instance, a small expensive car might be bought as a result of the prestige that comes with owning such a car. As a result, the customer’s social class might also be a great factor that makes a small car to be the winning order for them. The design process qualifying factors products have to meet the minimum standards in order to make the customers purchase the product. Process design diagram In the company Action Response, there are a number of wastes that have been identifies to be affecting the operations of the charity firm. Notably, there are a number of protocols that have to be followed in the company hence making the process of activities in the organisation to be longer than usual. One of the major factors that lead to wastage with ARAPU processes include wait time. In as much as the company receives overwhelming number of applications per day, it is quite critical for the company to ensure that wait time is reduced so as to provide adequate time for other activities such as processing of funds and creation of more opportunities to the company’s clients. The time spent waiting for the company’s response should be significantly reduced so as to ensure that the company works within the available time frame to take care of all its operations. Another factor that wastes time in a number of organisations is the processes. The use of a standard form in application of aid by either the potential aid recipients or their intermediary charities has made the application process take much longer than expected. As a result, there is wastage of resources in printing of forms that could rather be filled online using log in details given to every potential recipient and their intermediaries. With an IT system that is well-equipped, the company can work towards ensuring that it achieves its goals faster than normal through its IT experts. Sending applications through posts and fax takes longer time and makes the company handle bulky papers that could otherwise be turned into other uses. By employing several staff members with different roles, the company is overspending on labour. Alternatively, the company could employ qualified technology experts so that all the activities such as coding, filling, and data entry are done at a central place. In order to save time and avoid wastage of resources, the  company should ensure it works towards using the Deming process improvement cycle in order to achieve its goals. Evidently, using the cycle would involve the process of: Plan-under this section, the company should come up with the best plans that it can use to meet the demands of its potential aid recipients. This could be done by seeking more funds and ensuring that it carries out effective planning that would see the use of the funds done in an organised manner. The planning process would also involve coming up with goals and objectives that would be very crucial in creating efficiency within the organisation. Do- This stage involves implementation of all the ideas that ARAPU had noted in the planning stage. In fact, this is where much work lies as the company would process a number of aid applications as per the case study. Study- Under this stage, the organisation would ensure that it monitors the various outcomes that it got from the last two processes. It will also help in identification of problems and evaluation of the organisational success. Act- This step closes the cycle and mainly involves integrating any factor noticed in the entire process. The step also involves coming up with actions that could be used in ensuring adjustments are made to the goals. It might also involve reformulation of the organisational strategies so as to bring more donors on board. In order to gain the best results, the process should be repeated over and over again.

Rape Culture - Definition and Examples

Rape Culture s Rape culture is present in a society when rape and other forms of sexual violence are common and pervasive, when they are normalized and viewed as inevitable, and when they are trivialized by authority figures, the media and cultural products, and by the majority of members of the society. In a rape culture, the commonality and pervasive nature of sexual violence and rape is fueled by commonly held beliefs, values, and popular myths that encourage and excuse sexual violence committed by men and boys against women and girls. In this context, women and girls consistently experience intimidation and threats of sexual violence and actual sexual violence itself. Also, within a rape culture, the rape culture itself is largely unchallenged and not viewed as a problem by the majority. Sociologists recognize that rape culture is composed primarily of four things: 1. behaviors and practices, 2. the way we think about sex and rape, 3. the way we talk about sex and rape, and 4. cultural representations of sex and sexual assault. Just as whole societies can be described as rape cultures, so too can certain organizations and institutions, and types of institutions, like colleges and universities, prisons, and the military. History of the Term The term, rape culture, was popularized by feminist writers and activists in the U.S. during the 1970s. It first appeared in print in the book Rape: The First Sourcebook for Women, published in 1974, which was one of the first books to discuss rape from the standpoint of womens experiences. A film bearing the title Rape Culture premiered in 1975, and drew attention to how media and popular culture spread mainstream and erroneous beliefs about rape. Women, at the time, used this term to draw attention to the fact that rape and sexual violence were common crimes across the country- not rare or exceptional crimes committed by crazed or damaged individuals, as many believed. Elements of a Rape Culture Sociologists define culture as the values, beliefs, knowledge, behaviors, practices, and material goods that people share in common which help to unify them as a collective. Culture includes common sense beliefs, commonly held expectations and assumptions, rules, social roles, and norms. It also includes our language and how we communicate, and cultural products like music, art, film, television, and music videos, among other things. So, when sociologists consider what rape culture is, and when they study it, they look critically at all of these elements of culture and examine how they may contribute to the existence of a rape culture. Sociologists identify the following behaviors and practices, ideas, discourses, and cultural representations as part of rape culture. Others also exist. Behaviors and Practices Of course, the most consequential behaviors and practices that create a rape culture are acts of sexual assault, but there are others that also play significant roles in creating such a context. These include: Sexualized online harassment and bullyingHarassment and intimidation of, and threats made toward, women and girls, even those which are framed by the aggressor(s) as playful or a jokeDenying that rape is a widespread problemDiminishing or trivializing the trauma and violence of rape and sexual assaultVictim-blamingAccusing victims of lyingSexual objectification of women and girlsMen and boys talking/bragging about sexual assaultEquating masculinity with sexual dominanceRevenge porn, both independent of physical assault and post-assaultIgnoring the sexually violent crimes of celebritiesNeglect of untested rape kits and general non-prioritization of sexual assault among police forcesSupport for accused men and boys over concern for the welfare of victims Beliefs, Assumptions, Myths, and World Views Cultural expectation that men have to coerce women into having sex, and that women and girls want to be coercedBelief that men and boys are entitled to the bodies of women and girlsSocialization of girls that they have a duty to serve the demands of male sexualitySocialization of girls to expect sexual violence and aggressionBelief that discussion of sexual activity and affirmative consent are not sexyBelief that rape and sexual violence are the inevitable expressions of masculinityBelief that rape is an everyday occurrence that cannot be changedFear among victims and their families that they will be stigmatized and further traumatized by reporting the rapeBelief that rape is just rough sexWomen and girls provoke sexual assault with their behavior and dressIt is the responsibility of women to defend themselves and prevent rapeOnly bad men rape and only bad women are rapedThere is no such thing as intimate partner rapeWomen feel slut shame or regret after sex and cry rape Language and Discourse Language that minimizes rape and by calling it sexual intercourse, non-consensual sex, inappropriate behavior, or sexual misconductUsing terms like acquaintance rape or date rape and real rape to make false distinctions about the crime of rapeReferring to trafficked child rape victims as child prostitutes Representations of Rape in Cultural Products Rape jokes and memes that mock rapeThe use of rape as a plot point and for economic gain in film and televisionVideo games with rape scenariosSongs and music videos that glamorize sexual coercion, like Baby, Its Cold Outside and Robin Thickes Blurred Lines Notable Examples of Rape Culture One of the most notable and tragic recent examples of rape culture is the case of Brock Turner, who was convicted of three counts of sexual assault by  the State of California, after assaulting an unconscious woman on the Stanford University campus. Though the seriousness of the crimes for which Turner was convicted carried a possible sentence of up to 14 years in prison, prosecutors request six. The judge, however, sentenced Turner to just six months in county jail, of which he served just three. Media reporting on the case and popular discourse surrounding it were rife with evidence of rape culture. Turner was repeatedly depicted with a photo that showed him seated for a portrait, smiling while wearing a suit and tie, and was frequently described as a Stanford athlete. His father trivialized the brutal sexual assault his son committed in a letter to the court, referring to it as 20 minutes of action, and many, including the judge, suggested that a sentence appropriate to the crime would unjustly derail Turners athletic and academic promise. Meanwhile, the victim, never identified in court, was criticized for being intoxicated, and virtually no concern for her welfare, nor a desire for justice for the crimes perpetrated against her, were expressed in the mainstream press, by Turner, his defense team, or the sitting judge who decided the case. Other notable examples unfortunately abound, like the case of Kesha, who has been held legally obligated by a U.S. court to fulfill a record contract with her accused rapist/record producer, Dr. Luke, and the problem of heightened rates of sexual assault on college and university campuses across the U.S., as documented in the film The Hunting Ground. The election of President Donald Trump, a man repeatedly accused of sexual assault, and who has spoken frankly about sexually assaulting women- the now-infamous grab them by the p*ssy tape- is an example of how entrenched and normalized rape culture is in U.S. society. In 2017, a string of sexual assault accusations against powerful men in media, politics, and other industries has led to more and more conversations, on social media and elsewhere, about the pervasiveness of rape culture in our society.

Defeating Age-ism In The Interview

Defeating Age-ism In The Interview Modern job search can be daunting for a more mature job-seeker.  Maybe the online side of networking is baffling, maybe the pace of new technology is frustrating, and these are things to work on–but here are  some suggestions for preparing yourself for success while job-hunting later in life. First, have an immaculate resume and cover letter, and dynamic and current recommendations ready to back you.  Consider consulting a professional career coach who can look over your materials and give you pointers.  The next step is to prepare for the interview the way you used to prepare for exams in school. Here are  some great tips for  recognizing and diplomatically deflecting potentially biased questions at the interview stage. Watch out for the following questions once you’re sitting across from a decision-maker:1. Aren’t you overqualified?This question could signal that the employer thinks you’rea) too old for the job,b)  asking for more money tha n a lower level candidate, orc) only biding your time until a bigger, better job like your previous positions comes along or you get bored.Consider asking a question in response that may help you figure out which of these possible motivations is at work, then sorting through your past experience to prove that your age makes you qualified or that the demands of this job are exactly what you’re looking for, regardless of what you’ve earned or what your title was in the past.2. What are your strongest skills?This is often a dog-whistle to see how up-to-date your tech skills are; be sure and emphasize your current skill level and how familiar you were with common office technology in the past. (And, by the way, if you’re not up to date, see what your local library or community college has to offer in the way of computer classes).3. What are your interests outside your career?This tricky question may be intended to make you sound more sedate or retiring than you are; consider the benefits of emphasizing active, physically demanding pursuits to reassure potential employers that you will not only keep up but thrive in their office.The most important skill in interviewing is the ability to be yourself, but the best, most promising version of yourself. Put your winningest foot forward, and let the less experienced applicants just try to keep up.

Why parents should not argue in cheldren's presence Essay

Why parents should not argue in cheldren's presence - Essay Example Young children usually regard their parents as role models and try to imitate all they do and put them into their daily activities. Parents posses this magical ability to forget that their kids are within earshot of what they are saying when arguing. Or they assume their children are too young to understand the context of the argument while ignoring to realize the tone of their conversation is noticeable by even a one year old child. The greatest danger is, kids do as we do and most often not as we say, though we wish the opposite. So, what kind of children are we going to raise when we traditionally argue and fight before them? Most of the time, whatever children learn from their families, sometimes they carry them through their lives. Hence, family unity is a very essential component in a child’s growth and future character (Rimm, 2008). For any child to develop into a morally person, one is expected to have learnt good morals from his or her parents (Oliver, 2011). Children regard their parents as their mentors and try to copy whatever things they see them doing. A tender mind of a child once exposed to the sight of parents quarrelling may start imitating what their parents do to other children. Such children tend to develop quarreling attitudes when confronted with tricky situations and on worst case scenario, involve themselves in fights. According to some research conducted on children who were once exposed to seeing their parent’s quarrelling, the research found out that the most of the children developed quarrelling tendencies later in their lives as men or women (Rimm, 2008). Children exposed to the scene of their parents quarrelling sometime become traumatized psychologically. Possessing tender minds, children are the most affected in case of a quarrel. A child in his or her micro-environment usually believes life is a happy place, and by seeing such a scene, become terrified of life’s outcome (Vissing, 2007). A child also believe d that perfection in his or her micro-world is brought by his or her parents, therefore by seeing them quarreling, deprives the child of his or her happiness. Parent’s who quarrel in front of their children should not do so since their subject their children to psychological torture and deprive them of the happiness children should have at such tender age. Quarrelling before children in some countries is punishable since it deprives children their rights. One of the worst side effects of living in a hostile environment is exposure to stress. Stress should not be really a part in a child’s life. Some of healthy stresses such as the thrill to adventure, challenging school work, or normal changes of life are good. However, the negative stress brought about by living in unhappy household full of conflicts is terrible for a child mental and physical health. Parents should also not argue in front of their children since they might cause emotional instability. Sometimes, chil dren become emotionally disturbed when they see their parents quarrelling and become withdrawn. Children are usually free with their parents and believe their parents are their judges in whatever happens to them, but on seeing they quarrel, send fear into their minds (Rimm, 2008). A child, who was once free with his or her parents before a quarrel, may start withdrawing or keeping to himself or herself after the quarrel since he or she distrusts them. Trust in any family is important for its survival. A child learns to be distrustful after such events since the person he or she used to trust, engages in quarrelling. When children become threatened emotionally, they exhibit increased negativity in life. Some of them develop symptoms of anxiety, depression, hostility,

ANOVA Study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ANOVA Study - Coursework Example Or value 0 can be assigned to the negative (frustration and depression) moods and value ‘1’ can be assigned to the positive (happiness and calmness) moods. The three levels A, B and C are the groups which consists of three groups of people watching the above said three TV shows. The independent variable in this analysis is the type of TV show and the dependent variable is moods of the people. It is assumed that moods of the people depend on the type of the TV shows they are watching. Based on this assumption, null and alternative hypothesis are formulated. H0: u1=u2=†¦.=uk and Ha: all us are not equal. The F-ratio equals the mean square between groups divided by the mean square within groups. That is, Fobt= MS bn/ MSwn . When F-ratio is found significant, Fobt should be greater than 1 (Heiman, 2003). In our analysis, the results are found to be significant. That is, null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted. Type of TV shows has significant role in influencing people’s mood. For Post –hoc comparisons, t-test is conducted. From t-test, we can find out that which type of TV show is more significant role in influencing people’ moods. Among A, B or C, which one leads to the happiness and calmness of the people. In other words, which TV show plays role in leading the people’s moods to depression or frustration. When a factor is analyzed using independent samples in all conditions, it is called between-subjects factor. Our study make use of between-subjects factor ANOVA. The selection of our three sample groups are completely independent. We are gathering information from three different group of people watching different TV shows and hence our analysis is between-subjects factor

How Have Changes In The World Economy Since 1945 Affected Room For Essay - 1

How Have Changes In The World Economy Since 1945 Affected Room For Maneuver Of Multinational Firms - Essay Example The World War of 1945 proved to be a massive disaster for world’s economy with its most effects on the European countries and Japan. These two countries were considered to be the greatest raw material suppliers throughout the world which significantly fell down in the war years. The countries who were not directly involved in the war were the gainers of the economy soon after the war as they fulfilled the gaps and needs of world economy in that crucial time. However, post war phase that is the recovery period from the war had been quite rapid and remarkable for the affected countries, the reasons being that the civilian production came to a halt in the war period and there was growth in the fields of metal working, engineering, chemical capacity etc that boomed during the period and was utilized in the peace time. The infrastructure of the countries was well established in the pre war phase and had to go through the repairs after the war. Additionally there was ample trained a nd knowledgeable human resource to be mobilized to improve and recover the conditions. All these reasons altogether along with the help from some undamaged countries like USA and Canada helped them in the recovery phase. It was seen after 5 years, in the available statistics of 1950 that the GNP and income levels of most of the affected countries was way more than it was in 10 years before the war in 1930s. USA had played a significant role in world economy after the world war. Right after the world war the European countries faced shortage of fuel, food and resources. The only country who could have helped them with its undamaged economy was USA, but to buy all these resources huge reserves of dollars were required and dollar shortage was faced. It seemed in that era that all the world’s resources were shifting from Europe to North American regions and the US economy boomed and it looked it would be impossible to catch up with such an economy which is richer in resources and is the hub of investment. This era give US the opportunity to utilize its resources to the maximum and US utilized this well. (POLLARD. 1997) Post World War II Period: After the Second World War many imbalances were seen in the world’s economy in technological advancements, investment and consumption policies etc. In the late 1950s the prices of primary commodities in the world started decreasing along with general fall in the world trade which led to accumulation of debts for many countries. These reasons mainly later on accounted for the economic crisis in 1970s. The poverty and problems increased in the world economy with an increasing trend of international division of labor introduced by the uncontrolled activities of multinationals all over the world. The result of this unequal distribution in the world’s economy lead to unequal and imbalanced international relationships among highly industrialized and experts and monopoly of industrial research and technology a nd peripheral countries which were dependent on few industries but were technologically controlled by the transnational companies. The most affected by these imbalances were the developing countries which paved ways to global world crisis in later years. (GONZALEZ, CAMPO URBANO & MESA.1984; TOLENTINO. 2000) The boom in the development of MNCs was a result to various important forces. The economic conditions prevailing in the post world war era were more nurturing. The bad experiences faced in 1930s provided the guidelines for not repeating the economical mistakes. The set of policies adopted were designed to rebuild, strengthen and restore the economies of affected countries during the World War. (COHEN. 2007) Role of USA: A few theorists argue that after 1945 the conditions to ‘

Impact of Advertising in Indian Telecom Industry

Impact of Advertising in Indian Telecom Industry Impact of Advertising in Indian Telecom Industry on Its Customers The research is to study the Advertising in Indian Telecom Industry and its Impact on Customers. For this research the attempt is made to understand the Telecom Industry of India. . I will also complement this with the internal study of companies. By studying their history, growth, market share and advertising strategies adopted by Vodafone, Airtel, Reliance communication, BSNL and Idea cellular. India telecommunication industry is one of the fastest telecom market in the world. The mobile sector has grown from around 10 million subscribers in 2002 to reach 250 million by early 2009 registering an average growth of over 90%. The project is based on advertising so I will first explained about advertising, its importance, managing advertising decisions and types of advertising. I have analyzed the growth in ad volumes of telecom sector, share of telecom sector advertising, segment wise growth in telecom sector, share of key players in advertising, new brands advertised in telecom equipments and service and share of sales promotion in telecom sector. The sources of data collection used in the study are both primary and secondary in nature. We are going to conduct a survey to know the impact of advertisements of telecom industry on customers which is part of primary data. The real aim of the project is to study the effectiveness and response towards advertisements provided by major players. Primary data has been collected in which focus group study had been conducted to design the customer survey questionnaire with a sample size of 200 respondents. This survey has been conducted in gujarat. Secondary data is to be collected through websites, newspapers, magazines and books. Research objectives. The objective of the project is an attempt to understand the consumer preference for telecom and how it is been affected by the advertisement done by the telecom industries main players. It will be done through a comparative study of all telecom operators which are available in Ahmedabad; we want to understand the impact of advertisement on the customers of all the segments in Ahmedabad. We have also divided our objective into two categories to make it more clear, which is as follows: Primary objective The primary objective is to know the impact of advertisement by telecom industry on customers. And to study the effectiveness and response towards advertisement provided by the major players. Also to understand the improvement and customers preference in telecom sector. And to study the service provider and their service quality in telecom sector. Secondary objective Other than the above primary objective, the other secondary objective behind this project is to find out who is the best preferred telecom company who has the attracted maximum customers through its advertisement. This could be done by studying the performance of telecom industry in India. Literature review For literature review we are going to undertake a deep study of marketing management by Philip Kottler, his contribution to the field of marketing is noteworthy, as we all know he is considered as the marketing guru. And more over we also going to include some basic definitions from various marketing books like Advertising and Marketing in Rural India:ÂÂ   Tej K. Bhatia,ÂÂ  Macmillan Publishers India, Marketing and Sales Management:ÂÂ   S P Sharma and Dilip B Joshi,ÂÂ  Paradise Pub, Marketing:ÂÂ   M. Vidhya,ÂÂ  MJP Pub, these books will help me to know how the telecom companies are promoting their brand in rural market of India. Even the management book named organizational theory, change, and design by: Richard L.Draft will help me to understand the potters five force model and diamond model for the telecomm companies. Newspaper likes The Times Of India, economic times, will provide us relevant materials that can help us in our research. Even I am going to study regarding TRIA that is Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. ÂÂ   TRAIs mission is to create and nurture conditions for growth of telecommunications in the country in a manner and at a pace which will enable India to play a leading role in emerging global information society. ÂÂ   One of the main objectives of TRAI is to provide a fair and transparent policy environment which promotes a level playing field and facilitates fair competition. ÂÂ   In pursuance of above objective TRAI has issued from time to time a large number of regulations, orders and directives to deal with issues coming before it and provided the required direction to the evolution of Indian telecom market from a Government owned monopoly to a multi operator multi service open competitive market. ÂÂ   The directions, orders and regulations issued cover a wide range of subjects including tariff, interconnection and quality of service as well as governance of the Authority . ÂÂ   To know regarding the telecom sector in India I have studied various papers and journal written by many journalist and economist which are as follow: Anand (1999), in his article named Indias economic policy reforms says that India was embarked on economic reforms in July 1991, in the wake of a balance of payments crisis. In this article, an attempt is made to review two books and a set of World Bank reports concerning the progress of these reforms. Issues concerning economic policy, impact of the reforms on poverty, sectoral issues relating to agriculture, industry and infrastructure are briefly discussed. As reforms enter a more difficult phase, several challenges remain. Some of this fall under the economic agenda of measures needed to maintain economic growth; others can be termed the development agenda of improving human development. Progress with regard to the former is not sufficient to produce results concerning the latter. Bhattacharya (2000) constructs a vision of the Indian telecommunication sector for the year 2020. The paper aims at isolating agents of change based on international experiences and situates India in the development continuum. The agents of change have been broadly categorized into economic structure, competition policy and technology. Das (2000), in her paper described the Liberalisation of the Indian telecommunications services which started in mid nineties with no change in the existing public monopoly structure, entirely controlled by Department of Telecommunications (DoT). In order to evaluate any proposed industry structure, it is essential to analyse the production technology of DoT so as to determine the rationale of liberalisation and sustainability of competition. Accordingly, the researcher estimates a frontier multi-product cost function for DoT, where the cost function has been duly modified to account for the production technology of a public monopoly. The study finds that although DoT displays high allocation inefficiency, it is still a natural monopoly with very high degree of sub additively of cost of production. This study implies that the choice of any reform policy should consider the trade-off between the loss of scale and scope economies and cost saving from the reduction in inefficiency of th e incumbent monopoly in the event of competition. Rao (2000), in her article named Internet service providers in India, provides a broad view of the role of an Internet service provider (ISP) and the factors to be considered before entering the ISP market. Describes the Internet/ISP scene within India and discusses the configuration of local, regional and national level ISPs, and the supporting infrastructure. She also identifies the various success factors. The global Internet scenario is discussed regarding the phases of the Internet in India, i.e. pre and post commercialization. The main players are described: ERNET, NICNET, STPI, VSNL, MTNL, Satyam Infoway and Bharti-BT. The financial and legal implications are highlighted in the Indian context. Many companies entered the nascent ISP business in Nikam, Ganesh, Tamizhchelvan (2004), analyses that changing face of India in bridging the digital device. He reiterated India lives in villages said the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi. With 1,000 million people and 180 million hou seholds, India is one of the biggest growing economies in the world. With the advent of the Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) revolution, India and its villages are slowly but steadily getting connected to the cities of the nation and the world beyond. Owing to the late Rajiv Gandhi, India is now a powerful knowledge economy, and though India may have been slow to start, it certainly has caught up with the West and is ahead in important respects. The Government, the corporate sector, NGOs and educational institutions have supported rural development by encouraging digital libraries, e-business, e-learning and e-governance. The aim of this paper is to touch upon and highlight some of the areas where, by using ICT, the masses have been reached in this way. A follow-up paper will outline collections of significant cultural material which, once national IT strategies are fully achieved, could form part of a digitally preserved national heritage collection. Dey (2004), in her article talks about the discussions between the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and communications policy makers and regulators in other countries and how they have gleaned several clusters of issues where further research would directly benefit them. Recently, there have been two notable shifts. First, as the acceptance of the competition model over the monopoly model for telecommunications markets takes deep effect in regulators all over the world, questions regarding process and procedure for regulation are becoming ever more urgent. This paper discusses current questions regarding decision making, enforcement, and understanding consumer issues that arise often in the FCCs discussions with other regulators. Second, technological change is potentially shifting market definitions. In the FCCs discussion with other regulators over the last two years, the overlap of wireline telecom, wireless telecom and cable television has become more pronounced. Singh (2005), in his article The role of technology in the emergence of the information society in India describes the role that information and communication technologies are playing for Indian society to educate them formally or informally which is ultimately helping India to emerge as an information society. Though India has a huge population, the illiteracy rate is also huge in this country. The paper has taken an approach to find the historical situation and present the prevailing scenario as well as the change that are taking place with the application of ICT to the advantage of the society in different areas including daily life. India is making all out efforts to be counted among the developed nations of the world. The article also describes the considerable attention India is taking for application of technology, development of infrastructure and human resource for meeting national needs. Basically India is building an information society. Technology has helped society to cu t across the traditional boundaries for getting converted into anemerging information society. The study concludes that The Indian software and services industry has significantly helped to boost the Indian economy. In IT-enabled services too, India has been clearly perceived to be the dominant hub. The Indian software sector is being recognized as the single largest contributor to incremental market capitalization in India but the sector is still small in terms of contribution to GDP, especially when compared to other large sectors in the economy like agriculture and manufacturing. Similarly, the telecommunication sector has contributed a lot but still has a considerable way to go. The paper also enforces that comparisons of Indias telecommunication statistics with those of developed and other emerging economies show that the country is still far behind its contemporaries. Mr. Banka (2006) gives an overview of the mergers and acquisitions in the telecommunication industry. According to him Governments decision to raise the foreign investment limit to 74% is expected to spur fresh rounds of mergers and takeovers in India. He foresees a sector that represents humongous opportunity waiting to be tapped by Indian and foreign conglomerates. Thomas (2007), in his article describes the contribution made by telecommunications in India by the state and civil society to public service, this article aims to identify the states initial reluctance to recognize telecommunications provision as a basic need as against the robust tradition of public service aligned to the postal services and finds hope in the renewal of public service telecommunications via the Right to Information movement. The article follows the methodology of studying the history of telecommunications approach that is conversant with the political economy tradition. It uses archival sources, personal correspondence, and published information as its research material. The findings of the paper suggests that public service in telecommunication is a relatively new concept in the annals of Indian telecommunications and that a de- regulated environment along with the Right to Information movement holds significant hope for making public service telecommunications a real alternative. The article provides a reflexive, critical account of public service telecommunications in India and suggests that it can be strengthened by learning gained from the continual renewal of public service ideals and action by the postal services and a people-based demand model linked to the Right to Information Movement. All studies done by the researcher suggests that the right to information movement has contributed to the revitalisation of participatory democracy in India and to a strengthening of public service telecommunications. Cygnus Business Consulting Research Pvt. Ltd. (2008), in its Quarterly Performance Analysis of Companies (April-June 2008) has analysed the Indian telecom industry in the awake of recent global recession and its overall impact on the Indian economy. The analysis is done in the background of wake of global recession and rising inflation. Cygnus estimates, the Indian telecom industry is expected to maintain the growth trajectory in the next quarter as well. With almost 5-6m subscribers are being added every month, and the country is witnessing wild momentum in the telecom industry. Maheshwari (July-September 2008), in her report analysed the Indian telecom industry and ascertain that Indian telecommunications has been zooming up the growth curve at an mounting pace, and India is has surpassed US to become the second largest wireless network in the world. This growing subscriber base is basically created by tapping into rural India, which is an emerging market for the industry. The estimate for the next five to ten years is that the rural market will form 40 % of the subscriber base. The study has analysed the human resource management process of the industry, and specially the latest trends of recruitment of this massively growing industry. Anderson (2008), in his single executive interview titled Developing a route to market strategy for mobile communications in rural India An interview with Gurdeep Singh, Operations Director, Uttar Pradesh, Hutch India suggests that managers need to go beyond traditional approaches to serving the poor, and innovate by taking into account the unique institutional context of developing markets. His practical implication says that the experience of Hutchison Essar in India provides some important lessons for mobile network operators (MNOs) and other firms in other developing markets who are hoping to serve the rural poor: Hutchison has recognized the value of corporate and non- corporate partners. The company has proactively established relationships with individual entrepreneurs, and has provided has provided development support to other partners such as distributors. The company has recognized the value of leveraging existing local institutions, and has seen gaps in local infrastructur e or missing services as potential opportunities rather than barriers to growth. The company has seen the rural market as an opportunity not just an obligation to be served because of universal service obligations. Also this article demonstrates that MNOs can deliver availability and affordability to achieve increased individual or household penetration through business model innovation. Mani (2008) addresses a number of issues arising from the growth of telecom services in India since the mid-1990s. It also discusses a number of spillover effects for the rest of the economy and one of the more important effects is the potential to develop a major manufacturing hub in the country for telecom equipment and for downstream industries such as semiconductor devices. The telecom industry in India could slowly become an example of the service sector acting as a fillip to the growth of the manufacturing sector. A beginning towards this has been made. The formation of a Telecom Equipment Export Forum and the announcement of the Indian Semiconductor Policy 2007 are steps in this direction. Success crucially depends on the response of the private sector to these incentives. Given the importance that a regulatory agency can play in this crafting, no effort should be lost in strengthening the powers of the TRAI. The benefits to the Indian economy from having both a strong service s and manufacturing segments in the telecom sector cannot be undermined. Narayana (2008) estimates the contribution of telecommunication (or telecom) services to aggregate economic growth in India. Estimated contribution is distinguished between public and private sectors to highlight the impact of telecom privatization on economic growth. Knowledge of policy determinants of demand of telecom services is shown to be essential to enhance growth contribution of telecom services. Using a recent sample survey data from Karnataka State in South India, price and income determinants of demand for telecom services are estimated by capacity of telephone exchanges. Estimation results offer evidence for significant negative own price elasticity and positive income elasticity of demand for telecom services. Sharma (2009) deals with the major challenges faced by Indias telecom equipment manufacturing sector, which lags behind telecom services. Only 35% of the total demand for telecom equipment in the country is met by domestic production. This is not favourable to long-term sustained growth of the telecom sector. The country is also far behind in RD spending when compared to other leading countries. India needs to see an increase in RD investment, industry-academia-government partnership, better quality doctoral education and incentives to entrepreneurs for start-ups in telecom equipment manufacturing. In 2006-07, 65% of the total consumption of equipment was met through imports. This trend has far-reaching implications for the economy and should not be allowed to continue for long. In a country like India which has a problem of massive unemployment, the manufacturing sector should be promoted to create more employment opportunities. Shah (February, 2009), has analysed Indian telecom industry and studied the sector keeping in mind three companies; namely Bharti, R.Comm and idea in the background of recent global meltdown. The study suggests that though there is no sign of slowdown in this sector, but surely a strong turmoil is going on in the industry. The study states that the sector is fairly immune from the current economic downturn does provide a good defensive bet in medium term. With the help of newer technologies, wireless penetration is expected to increase in the near future, which is basically fuelling the growth of the sector. While the 3G / Broadband adoption would ensure long term growth momentum, the article has thoroughly investigated about the intense competitive scenario, pricing pressure, high capital intensity substantial regulatory uncertainties currently faced by the industry. The article has also described the cause of being relatively safe of this industry. The causes described by Shah ar e increasing rural coverage, rising affordability, declining handset/subscription costs, substantially low tariffs established brand/distribution. However, the study also cautions the telecom industry that a steeper economic slowdown could start impacting the subscriber usage patterns as well as operator capital investments thereby could substantially restrict revenue growth rates going forward. GLOBAL OVERVIEW World telecom industry is an uprising industry, proceeding towards a goal of achieving two third of the worlds telecom connections. Over the past few years information and communications technology has changed in a dramatic manner and as a result of that world telecom industry is going to be a booming industry. Substantial economic growth and mounting population enable the rapid growth of this industry. The world telecommunications market is expected to rise at an 11 percent compound annual growth rate at the end of year 2010. The leading telecom companies like ATT, Vodafone, Verizon, SBC Communications, Bell South, Qwest Communications are trying to take the advantage of this growth. These companies are working on telecommunication fields like broadband technologies, EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) technologies, LAN-WAN inter networking, optical networking, voice over Internet protocol, wireless data service etc. Economical aspect of telecommunication industry: World telecom industry is taking a crucial part of world economy. The total revenue earned from this industry is 3 percent of the gross world products and is aiming at attaining more revenues. One statistical report reveals that approximately 16.9% of the world population has access to the Internet. Present market scenario of world telecom industry: Over the last couple of years, world telecommunication industry has been consolidating by allowing private organizations the opportunities to run their businesses with this industry. The Government monopolies are now being privatized and consequently competition is developing. Among all, the domestic and small business markets are the hardest INDIAN OVERVIEW Today the Indian telecommunications network with over 375 Million subscribers is second largest network in the world after China. India is also the fastest growing telecom market in the world with an addition of 9- 10 million monthly subscribers. The tele- density of the Country has increased from 18% in 2006 to 33% in December 2008, showing a stupendous annual growth of about 50%, one of the highest in any sector of the Indian Economy. The Department of Telecommunications has been able to provide state of the art world-class infrastructure at globally competitive tariffs and reduce the digital divide by extending connectivity to the unconnected areas. India has emerged as a major base for the telecom industry worldwide. Thus Indian telecom sector has come a long way in achieving its dream of providing affordable and effective communication facilities to Indian citizens. As a result common man today has access to this most needed facility. The reform measures coupled with the proacti ve policies of the Department of Telecommunications have resulted in an unprecedented growth of the telecom sector. The thrust areas presently are: 1. Building a modern and efficient infrastructure ensuring greater competitive environment 2. With equal opportunities and level playing field for all stakeholders. 3. Strengthening research and development for manufacturing, value added services. 4. Efficient and transparent spectrum management 5. To accelerate broadband penetration 6. Universal service to all uncovered areas including rural areas. 7. Enabling Indian telecom companies to become global players. Recent things to watch in Indian telecom sector are: 1. 3G and BWA auctions 2. MVNO 3. Mobile Number Portability 4. New Policy for Value Added Services 5. Market dynamics once the recently licensed new telecom operators start rolling out 6. Services. 7. Increased thrust on telecom equipment manufacturing and exports. 8. Reduction in Mobile Termination Charges as the cost per line has substantially reduced 9. Due to technological advancement and increase in traffic. ÂÂ   Research Strategy and methodology. Primary research: The research design is Descriptive studies. Descriptive studies are well structured, they tend to be rigid and its approach cannot be changed every now and then. Descriptive studies are undertaken in many circumstances:When the researcher is interested in knowing the characteristics of certain groups such as age, profession. When the researcher is interested in knowing the proportion of people in given population who have behaved in a particular manner, making projection of certain things. The objective of this kind of study is to answer the why, who, what, when and how of the subject under consideration. I have taken descriptive because my research includes the knowing the behavior of customer towards advertisement. I have analyzed how people of various age groups respond to different advertising or their perception towards advertisement. Also my survey is related to companies like Vodafone, Airtel, Reliance communications, BSNL and Idea cellular. This report Is going to be an comparative research so we have to undergo and primary research such as questionnaires, college gate interaction, personal interviews etc., but mostly I am think of undertaking the help of questionnaire so that we get an accurate result and that will help us to analyse in a systematic way. The questionnaire would be having very simple to understand questions, the questions would be Open format, Dichotomous questions Close format, Leading questions, Importance questions, Liker choice, Bipolar questions, In this report we are going to totally relay upon statistical data that can only be obtained with the help of questionnaire, and more we have seen in the past that Indians are very good at answering the questionnaire and are very non bias. Moreover my target respondents would students aged 16-18 18-21 21+ because this are the people who make the most use of mobile phone either to text or call or to use GPRS. I would be utilising this primary research as the base of research as these are going to be fact figure, here we cannot temper the primary data as we can do in secondary data. And it is said that if you want an accurate result you have to undertake a primary research. Secondary research: While if we talk about the secondary data, I would be collecting it from the official website of Telecom Regulatory Authority of India which will provide me the various insight of the laws and regulation regarding the telecomm sector of India. This website will also give me the information regarding the various incomes coming from these private telecom sectors. And their contribution to the Indian economy. Even the secondary source would be the journals and the magazines issued by the Indian government. The secondary research will also be the information provided by the various retailers regarding the sale of different private telecomm companies from their store. This will help me to know the demand of various companies among the people. Major players in telecom industry The Top five companies, on the basis of Market Share as on 31st January, 2010 are: Bharti Airtel Ltd. Reliance Communications Ltd. Vodafone Essar Ltd. BSNL Idea Cellular + Spice Advertising by telecom industry on TV : 2007 Telecom sector advertising on TV grew by 61 per cent during 2007 Telecommunication Services segment had more than 60 per cent share of overall Telecom sector advertising on TV. Telecommunication Services has seen a rise of 108 per cent in TV advertising, whereas Telecommunication Equipments saw a rise of 17 per cent during 2007 over 2006. Bharti Airtel Ltd was the number one advertiser under Telecommunication Services and Nokia Corporation led Telecommunication Equipments advertising on TV during 2007. 2008 TV advertising of Telecom sector saw a rise of 99 per cent during January August 2008 compared to January August 2007. Telecommunication Services garnered a high share of Telecom sector advertising on TV during January August 2008. TV advertising of Telecommunication Equipments saw a growth of 45 per cent and that of Telecommunication Services grew by 127 per cent during January August 2008. Nokia Corporation leads in advertising of Telecommunication Equipments and Vodafone Essar Ltd was number one advertisers for Telecommunication Services on TV during January August 2008. R Madhavan had the maximum ad volumes of Celebrity Endorsement of Telecom sector on TV during January August 2008. 2009 Telecom sector has seen a decline of 16 per cent in its TV ad volumes during Jan Mar 09 compared to Jan Mar 08. High share of telecommunication services advertising on TV during Jan- Mar 09. Sony Ericsson (India) was the top advertisers under telecommunication equipments and Bharti Airtel Ltd leads in telecommunication services advertising on TV during Q1 09. Sony Ericsson W595 and Sony Ericsson F305 were top two new brands advertised under telecommunication equipments on TV during Q1 09.Virgin vGlide Phones (slider) topped the chart of new telecommunication services advertised on TV during Q1 09. Growth in ads volumes of telecom sector: There is a growth of 27% in TV ads compare to 2009 in 2010. Which is shown in figure. Share of segments of telecom sector 2010 With 68% per cent share telecommunication services leads in advertising of telecom sector on TV, followed by telecommunication equipments and corporate brand image with 11 per cent and two per cent share respectively during Q1 10 Growth in ad vol.s of segments of telecom sector Telecommunication services have seen a increased by 2% in its TV ad Volumes during Jan Mar 10 compared to Jan Mar 09. TV advertising of telecommunication equipments recorded a increase by 172 percent during Q1 10 compared to Q1 09. Top five advertisers under the telecom segments : Bharti Airtel Ltd, Idea Cellular Ltdand Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd the top three key players of telecommunication services together accounted for 65 per cent share on TV during Q1 10. During Q1 10, top three advertiser together contributed for 46per cent of overall telecommunication equipment TV advertising share viz., Nokia Corporation , samsung India electronics Ltd and LG Electronics India Ltd. Questionnaire IMPACT OF ADVERTISING IN INDIAN TELECOM INDUSTRY ON ITS CUSTOMERS. Top of Form 1. Gender: Male Female 2. Age: 15-25 26-35 36-45 46 and above 3.Education: marticulate Intermediate Graduation post graduation 4.Who is your current service provider? Airtel Vodafone Idea Reliance BSNL other 5.For how long you are using this mobile connection? Le